Other Mental Illnesses Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder What is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder? This disorder has four defined subtypes: ADHD - Inattentive type - an individual must experience at least 6 of the following characteristics: Fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes Difficulty sustaining attention Does not appear to listen Struggles to follow through on instructions Difficulty with organization Avoids or dislikes requiring sustained mental effort Often loses things necessary for tasks Easily distracted Forgetful in daily activities   ADHD - Hyperactive/Impulsive type - an individual must experience at least 6 of the following characteristics: Fidgets with hands/feet Difficulty remaining seated Feelings of restlessness Difficulty engaging in activities quietly Talks excessively Blurts out answers before questions are completed Difficulty waiting in turn taking situations Interrupts or intrudes upon others   ADHD - combined type is defined by an individual meeting both sets of inattentive and hyperactive criteria.   ADHD - not otherwise specified is defined by an individual who demonstrates some characteristics but an insufficient number of symptoms to reach a full diagnosis. These symptoms disrupt everyday life. Problems with Diagnosing ADHD in Adults   Many adults were not diagnosed with ADHD as children. Therefore, they are not aware of their disorder and its consequences.   Diagnosing as an adult requires an examination of childhood, academic, and behavioral history.   ADHD is often undiagnosed or misdiagnosed in adults. Which can lead to low self-esteem, increased frustration, and educational/workplace failure. Can lead to depression and alcoholism or substance abuse Treatment Education of this disorder needs to be first and foremost, then other treatment methods can include: Structuring of the environment; use of an appointment book, a personal computer, or tape recorder. Making a list of tasks, setting schedules, learning time management skills, and setting up a self-reward system can also be helpful. Psychostimulant medications have shown to have positive effects 70-80% of the time. Vocational counseling designed to identify employment well-suited to the individual’s strengths and skills can help ensure success. Exercising regularly. Cultivating a healthy sense of humor. Eliminating negative self talk. Avoiding or reducing alcohol and drug use. Enlisting friend, relative, or spouse to help remember commitments and to provide feedback Psychotherapy may help address moodiness, personal relationships, and alleviate guilt and frustration. This publication is generously supported by a grant from the William H. Donner Foundation and Eli Lilly and Company. Copyright 1997 Return